Creating Safe Schools: School Leadership and Teachers’ Perceptions of Child Safety and Well-Being

Authors

  • Annicel M. Manila Master of Arts in Education-Major in Administration and Supervision, Cebu Technological University, Moalboal, Cebu, Philippines Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65339/ijsis.V1.I2.133

Keywords:

Anti-Bullying, Child Safety, Child Well-Being, Mental Health, School Climate, School Leadership, School Safety, Student Well-Being

Abstract

This study examines the role of school leadership in promoting child safety and well-being in a public basic education school in Dumaguete City, Philippines. Anchored in an integrated leadership–school climate–child safety and well-being framework, it adopts a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional design. A structured questionnaire is intended for 79 teachers from a population of 98 to assess school leadership practices and teachers’ perceptions of child safety and well-being. Using a synthetic dataset for illustration, the analysis demonstrated favorable leadership assessments, with safe and inclusive school climate obtaining the highest mean (M = 4.39). Supportive relationships and school belonging received the highest perceived well-being rating (M = 4.34). The results showed a strong positive relationship between school leadership and perceived child safety and well-being (r = .773, p < .001). Multiple regression explained 67.3% of the variation in outcome scores, with safe and inclusive school climate, bullying and violence prevention, and mental-health and psychosocial support emerging as significant predictors. These findings demonstrate the potential relevance of coordinated leadership practices but do not establish the actual conditions of the participating school. The study recommends strengthening learner participation, reporting mechanisms, psychosocial assistance, and continuous monitoring. It supports SDG 4 on Quality Education, SDG 3 on Good Health and Well-Being, and SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. Its potential sustainability impact lies in strengthening institutional child-protection systems, educational continuity, school governance, and community partnerships to sustain safe and supportive learning environments.

References

Adams, D., Namoco, S. O., Ng, A. Y. M., & Cheah, K. S. L. (2026). Leading schools during a pandemic and beyond: Insights from principals in the Philippines. Management in Education, 40(3), 155–167. DOI: 10.1177/08920206231177375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/08920206231177375

Alcover, J. S., & Casamayor, C. G., Jr. (2024). A qualitative inquiry on the initiatives of school leaders in addressing bullying. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 6(4). DOI: 10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i04.26110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i04.26110

Aldridge, J. M., & Blackstock, M. J. (2024). Assessing students’ perceptions of school climate in primary schools. Learning Environments Research, 27(3), 579–602. DOI: 10.1007/s10984-024-09492-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-024-09492-2

Carrasco, A., & Montoya, C. (2026). Caring leadership practices in Chilean educational communities: Perceptions of school principals and teachers. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 54(3), 849–865. DOI: 10.1177/17411432241293563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432241293563

Da’as, R. (2025). Role of ethical school leadership in shaping adolescents’ aggressive attitudes: A doubly latent multilevel SEM analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 53(5), 1126–1152. DOI: 10.1177/17411432231216580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432231216580

Daly, B. P., Resnikoff, A. W., & Litke, S. (2025). Effective school leadership for supporting students’ mental health: Findings from a narrative literature review. Behavioral Sciences, 15(1), Article 36. DOI: 10.3390/bs15010036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15010036

Department of Education. (2025a, August 5). DepEd pinaigting ang proteksyon sa mga mag-aaral sa revised anti-bullying policy [Press release]. Official DepEd source

Department of Education. (2025b). Quality Basic Education Development Plan 2025–2035: An implementation strategy for the 5-point education reform agenda. Official Q-BEDP document

Donaldson, C., Morgan, K., Ouerghi, S., Lewis, J. J., & Moore, G. (2025). Associations of perceived school and year group climate with mental health among children aged 7-to-11 years. Child Indicators Research, 18(2), 885–904. DOI: 10.1007/s12187-024-10213-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-024-10213-7

Dow-Fleisner, S., Leong, A. D., & Lee, H. (2023). The interaction between peer bullying and school connectedness on youth health and wellbeing. Children and Youth Services Review, 155, Article 107147. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107147

Duane, A., Morris, K. S., Nash, A., Jones, T. M., & Shapiro, V. B. (2025). Hear, act, connect, support: Youth recommendations for educators who administer school climate surveys. Psychology in the Schools, 62(1), 185–201. DOI: 10.1002/pits.23319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23319

Ertem, H. Y. (2024). School leadership fostering mental health in the times of crisis: Synthesis of school principals’ views and PISA 2022. BMC Psychology, 12, Article 695. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02195-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02195-6

Jiang, X., & Liu, R. (2024). Factors influencing school climate: An empirical study based on the TALIS principal survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, Article 722. DOI: 10.1057/s41599-024-03203-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03203-1

Khanal, S., & Guha, P. (2023). Exploring the relationship between school-based management and school climate using PISA data. Asia Pacific Education Review, 24(4), 617–631. DOI: 10.1007/s12564-023-09846-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-023-09846-0

Klik, K. A., Cárdenas, D., & Reynolds, K. J. (2023). School climate, school identification and student outcomes: A longitudinal investigation of student well-being. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(3), 806–824. DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12597

Mahfouz, J., Greenberg, M. T., Weissberg, R. P., Kim, C., & Turksma, C. (2025). The prosocial school leader: Theory, research, and action. Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Policy, 5, Article 100102. DOI: 10.1016/j.sel.2025.100102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sel.2025.100102

O’Brien, S. O., Campbell, M. A., & Whiteford, C. (2024). Exploring the role of school psychologists/counsellors in addressing bullying: Current practices and suggested future directions. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 34(4), 388–398. DOI: 10.1177/20556365241295299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20556365241295299

Ontong, L. L. (2022). School culture, leadership style, and emotional intelligence: Impact on school climate. Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research, 18(1). DOI: 10.7828/ljher.v18i1.1604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7828/ljher.v18i1.1604

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023, December 5). PISA 2022 results (Volume I and II): Country notes—Philippines. OECD country note

Pearce, N., Monks, H., Alderman, N., Hearn, L., Burns, S., Runions, K., Francis, J., & Cross, D. (2024). ‘It’s all about context’: Building school capacity to implement a whole-school approach to bullying. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 6(1), 53–68. DOI: 10.1007/s42380-022-00138-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-022-00138-6

Republic Act No. 12080. (2024, December 6). Basic Education Mental Health and Well-Being Promotion Act. Official text of Republic Act No. 12080

Üker, H., & Ekşi, H. (2022). The effect of value climate and trust in the school principal on students’ well-being. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 55(55), 351–364. DOI: 10.15285/maruaebd.1017914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.1017914

UNICEF Philippines. (2025, December 18). Latest SEA-PLM 2024 reveals more learners in the Philippines reaching higher proficiency in math and reading, but disparities remain [Press release]. UNICEF Philippines source

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2023, November 30). Defining school bullying and its implications on education, teachers and learners. UNESCO source

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2025, March 30). Safe to learn and thrive: The role of education in ending violence against children in school and beyond. UNESCO source

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2026, March 17). Safe learning environments: Preventing and addressing violence in and around school. UNESCO source

Welty, C. W., Bingham, L., Morales, M., Gerald, L. B., Ellingson, K. D., & Haynes, P. L. (2024). School connectedness and suicide among high school youth: A systematic review. Journal of School Health, 94(5), 469–480. DOI: 10.1111/josh.13445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13445

World Health Organization. (2024). 2024 GSHS fact sheet Philippines [Fact sheet]. World Health Organization source

Downloads

Published

2026-09-29

How to Cite

Manila, A. M. (2026). Creating Safe Schools: School Leadership and Teachers’ Perceptions of Child Safety and Well-Being. International Journal of Sustainable and Integrated Studies, 1(2), 736-746. https://doi.org/10.65339/ijsis.V1.I2.133

Similar Articles

101-110 of 196

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.