Numeracy Skills and Mathematical Performance of Grade Five Pupils in Public Elementary Schools

Abstract

This study assessed the numeracy skills in content areas and mathematical performance of Grade Five pupils in public elementary schools in Pililla District, Schools Division Office of Rizal, during School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it determined the pupils’ level of numeracy skills in Number and Algebra, Measurement and Geometry, and Data and Probability; examined differences in numeracy skills when grouped according to selected demographic variables; determined their level of mathematical performance; and established the relationship between numeracy skills and mathematical performance. The study employed a descriptive survey research design and documentary analysis. From a population of 1,390 Grade Five pupils, 390 respondents were selected using Slovin’s formula and simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire checklist was used to assess numeracy skills, while pupils’ final grades in Mathematics were obtained through documentary analysis. Findings revealed that the respondents were generally highly skilled in Number and Algebra, Measurement and Geometry, and Data and Probability and demonstrated satisfactory mathematical performance. No significant differences were found in numeracy skills according to sex, sibling position, and number of children in the family. However, significant differences were observed when pupils were grouped according to monthly family income, parents’ educational attainment, and parents’ occupation. Furthermore, a significant relationship was established between pupils’ numeracy skills and mathematical performance, indicating that stronger numeracy skills were associated with better achievement in Mathematics. The study recommends strengthening professional development and classroom interventions, particularly in Data and Probability, through hands-on, inquiry-based, and real-world learning activities. Teachers may also utilize self-assessment tools to identify pupils needing additional support. The proposed action plan is recommended for implementation, while similar studies may be conducted using other variables and contexts.